Professur für Mittelalterliche Geschichte (Späteres Mittelalter) Promotionsprojekt Lorenzo Curatella

The doctoral research "Funerary Culture in Medieval Rome (950-1400)" analyzes the evolution of funerary practices in late medieval Rome (10th-14th century) through a multidisciplinary approach that includes archaeology, epigraphy, iconography, and historical documents. This innovative study surpasses previous research, often limited to specific contexts or high-ranking individuals, by considering the entire Roman funerary culture and all social classes.

Funerary epigraphy from the 13th and 14th centuries serves as a unifying element among social classes, as an increasing number of individuals obtained the privilege of church burials. Archaeological analysis, on the other hand, allows for the study of burial practices among lower social strata. The period under investigation is crucial for Rome, marked by significant political and social transformations. The research spans from the second half of the 10th century, with the emergence of the Romana Fraternitas and attempts at political autonomy, to the pontificate of Boniface IX (1389-1404), a period characterized by an influx of people from the Kingdom of Naples.

After the weakening of Byzantine and Carolingian influences, monastic spirituality and Cluniac reforms emphasized the salvation of the soul, encouraging donations to churches in exchange for prayers. Burials gradually shifted to places of worship. Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the growth of the Roman Commune, tensions between the nobility and citizens, and the rise of mendicant orders influenced funerary practices. Churches such as Santa Maria sopra Minerva and Santa Maria in Aracoeli became privileged burial places.

Testaments and pro anima donations were essential tools for managing inheritance and memory. The scarcity of space in cemeteries led to the use of ossuaries. Funeral regulations evolved, with the Church strengthening its control over burials. Confraternities and hospitals played an increasing role in managing funerary practices and celebrating masses for the deceased.

In the 14th century, mendicant orders influenced the geography of urban burials, while confraternities consolidated their spiritual and social roles. The emergence of noble chapels reflected the need for defined burial spaces within churches.